Which of these behaviors may lead to conflict in cross-cultural settings?

Assertiveness can lead to conflict in cross-cultural settings because it often involves a direct and forceful expression of one's opinions or needs, which may not align with the communication styles of individuals from more collectivist or high-context cultures. In cultures that value harmony, indirect communication, and consensus, assertiveness can be perceived as confrontational or disrespectful.

When someone expresses their thoughts and needs assertively in a situation where subtlety and non-verbal cues are preferred, it can cause misunderstandings and discomfort. Additionally, assertiveness can challenge social hierarchies that are prevalent in some cultures, further exacerbating potential conflicts. Understanding the norms of assertiveness across different cultures is crucial for effective interpersonal communication in a global context.